The AUAJ Journal is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary, open access international journal, publishing original and high-quality research articles, review articles, short communications, and case studies from a wide range of academicians, covering a wide range of topics on issues which impact national and global scientific research scholars. The AUAJ is designed to be read by academics, scholars, advanced students, reflective practitioners, and those seeking an update on current experiences and future prospects in relation to contemporary society, but more so on Somaliland/Somalia and its position in the global village. The Journal welcomes submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence.